fdisk命令
硬盘分区命令:
NAME
fdisk - manipulate disk partition table
仅识别2T以内的空间，当硬盘大于2T用parted分区，并且需要将磁盘转换为GPT格式
分区后格式化使用默认文件系统的就可以
centos 6 ext4 ext3
centos 7 xfs
fdisk /dev/vd* #根据上面命令显示的磁盘名称
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 #格式化 或者xfs格式
mount /dev/vdb1 /home #挂载
echo '/dev/vdb1 /www ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab #开机自挂载
完整的fdisk分区步骤
[root@moban ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x284d842c.
Command (m for help): m ###m查看帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n ###n新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p ###p新建第一个主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 ###1 开始新建第一个主分区
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +200M ###设置第一个主分区大小
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p ###p查看当前分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n ###n新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e ###e新建第一个扩展分区
Partition number (2-4, default 2): ###回车第一个扩展分区默认2开始
First sector (411648-4194303, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-4194303, default 4194303): ###回车，把所有空间给扩展分区
Using default value 4194303
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 1.8 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n ###n新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l ###l新建第一个逻辑分区，扩展分区不能直接使用，需要建立逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (413696-4194303, default 413696): ####回车 使用默认扇柱开始位置
Using default value 413696
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (413696-4194303, default 4194303): +500M ####设置第一个逻辑分区大小
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): P ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): N ###n新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l ###l新建、逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (1439744-4194303, default 1439744): ########回车 使用默认扇柱开始位置
Using default value 1439744
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1439744-4194303, default 4194303): +500M ####设置第逻辑分区大小
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): P ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n ###n新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l ###l新建、逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (2465792-4194303, default 2465792): ########回车 使用默认扇柱开始位置
Using default value 2465792
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2465792-4194303, default 4194303): +500M ####设置第逻辑分区大小
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 2465792 3489791 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l ####l新建、逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 8
First sector (3491840-4194303, default 3491840): ########回车 使用默认扇柱开始位置
Using default value 3491840
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (3491840-4194303, default 4194303): ####回车 使用默认扇柱结束位置，即剩余所有空间
Using default value 4194303
Partition 8 of type Linux and of size 343 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p ###p查看当前磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 2465792 3489791 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 3491840 4194303 351232 83 Linux
Command (m for help): wq ####保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@moban ~]# fdisk -l ###查看当前系统磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009f187
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 16777215 7339008 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 2465792 3489791 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 3491840 4194303 351232 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 6652 MB, 6652166144 bytes, 12992512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 859 MB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@moban ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb ###重新进入分区表
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p ###查看磁盘分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 2465792 3489791 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 3491840 4194303 351232 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d ###d删除系统分区
Partition number (1,2,5-8, default 8): 2 ####删除扩展分区
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): p ####查看剩余分区（因为逻辑分区在扩展分区上面，所以删除扩展分区后，逻辑分区就被删除了）
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
##############################强制退出不保存############################
进入分区
[root@moban ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): t #####修复分区ID
Partition number (1,2,5-8, default 8): 1 ###选择要修改的分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L ###########L查看可以修改的类型
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e ###########选择要修改的类型
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p ############查看修改后的分区情况，可以看到第一个主分区已经修改为LVM格式
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x284d842c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 411648 4194303 1891328 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 413696 1437695 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439744 2463743 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 2465792 3489791 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 3491840 4194303 351232 83 Linux
通知系统内核，修改分区表结果
[root@moban ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
也可以使用非交互式命令来分区
创建了2个500M的主分区
[root@moban ~]# echo -e "n\np\n1\n\n+500M\nn\np\n2\n\n+500M\nw"|fdisk /dev/sdb
创建一个主分区，并且使用全部容量
[root@moban ~]# echo -e "n\np\n\n\n\nw"|fdisk /dev/sdb
